Difference in Salaries between Male and Female Chefs

â€Å"If you want to become a great chef, you have to work with great chefs. And that’s exactly what I did†(Gordon Ramsay Quote†). Gordon Ramsay said to become a great chef you have to work with great chefs he never said you had to be a male or female. Its shouldn’t matter about their genders. So why do female chefs get paid so little and male get paid way more ? â€Å"Nation’s Restaurant News found out male executive chefs was $17,950 higher than female executive chefs $68,000 V.S. $50,050†(Coomes). Theres so many reasons female chefs should get paid as much as male chefs. Male shouldn’t be the only ones shining , female should be able to shine too. Female chefs should be paid as much as male chefs because it shouldn’t matter the gender and they are doing exactly the same thing. In general female get paid so little and male get paid so much more . This will be including female chefs in the food industry. According to Bloomberg.c om â€Å"Women hold just 6.3 percent of head chef positions in the u.s , according to a survey of 15 prominent restaurant group. And while female workers make up a majority of food service employee - and up to 40 percent of graduates from some of the country’s top cooking school - government data shows there’s currently a larger percentage of female CEOs in the u.s. than head chefs†(). Females and males should be treated and paid equal. Womans are not always going to depend on a male. So how will people like female survive If they get paid so little?Show MoreRelatedGender Inequality : Sports And Women s Professional Level Of Sport1469 Words   |  6 Pagescleaners, and the chef. Whereas men are perceived as strong, independent, and athletic. When these social norms are broken, it is not uncommon for specific labels to be given, such as being called a lesbian. Over the past few centuries, these stereotypes and gender roles have been challenged by many women and feminists. An area where these stereotypes and gender roles have been under scrutiny and analyzed is in the world of sport and physical activities. However, traditional female stereotypes continueRead MoreWomen‚Äà ´s Discriminations988 Words   |  4 Pagesand in Sweden. How could we Identify discrimination of a woman? Is it by nature that a woman is differing than a man? Firstly, we consider discrimination if both sexes, man and woman works at the same job, position and task, but different wages of salary. In the United States of America, women complain their wages gap which is less than a man. Women in all occupations suffer from the career wage gap. They say that women in America lose hundreds of dollars from career wage gap. Women who work year-roundRead MoreGender And Gender Pay Gap1173 Words   |  5 Pagessubject because it happens all across the United States, as well as in other countries worldwide. This pay gap can affect women of all ages, race, religion and educational levels. What is gender pay gap? The gender pay gap is defined as the difference between women and men’s full time average yearly wages. The following equation will provide your with the pay gap expressed as a percentage: Men’s earnings minus women’s earning divided by men’s earning. (Example: 36000-12000= 24000/36000=.67 or 67%)Read MoreFemale Employment And Gender Discrimination2044 Words   |  9 Pages What is female employment and what are the reasons of gender discrimination in China? II. Female employment and gender discrimination Today, employment discrimination in society everywhere. From age discrimination, education discrimination, gender discrimination, residence discrimination, physical discrimination, health discrimination, discrimination in marriage and childbearing, to dialect discrimination, blood type discrimination, wages, employment status and even under the career choices ofRead MoreAnalysis Of The One With Five Steaks And The Simpsons 1258 Words   |  6 PagesBob and leaves a message relating her poor experience with Chandler while Ross and Chandler listen in; this is the more comedic storyline in the show. Later, Monica rushes in to tell the group she has obtained a higher position at work as head lunch chef and supervisor of purchasing; therefore, Ross and Chandler decide they should go out and celebrate somewhere nice. Price becomes a conflict at the restaurant, and the expensive birthday plans are discussed. Ross, Chandler, and Monica agree the concertRead MoreSexual Discrimination And Ge nder Discrimination2076 Words   |  9 Pagescourse of my work, I find some companies usually present many requirements such as sex, age and study experience etc. In fact, every demand is a kind of employment discrimination. The sex discrimination of employment the female encounter is especially extrusive. At present, females of China more and more fall in a weak position in employment market. So, what is gender discrimination? Gender discrimination, also known as sexual discrimination, is any action that specifically denies opportunities, privilegesRead MoreDiscrimination in Employment Essay1803 Words   |  8 Pagescontained in Treaty of Rome Article 119 (now 141) and sets out a broad definition of pay. Although the EPA is limited in application in that the comparison is between a man and a woman presently employed by the same employer, Article 119 of the Treaty of Rome which requires equal pay for identical work between the sexes confers a similar right to every worker in the Common Market. * Equality clause - By virtue of s1 (1) the equality clause is an implied termRead MoreThe kitchen is arguably the last battle – ground for reproduction of gender relations in the western world. Discuss.2158 Words   |  9 Pagesserved it to the family. All primitive communities are characterised by the subordinate role of woman. Food in Douglas’ classification theory has been linked with rituals which adherence prevents the chaos and the social destruction. Deep divide between gender roles in the patriarchal model of society, became a precondition of social order. Douglas (1971) This rule still applies to the present society and â€Å"the kitchen† becomes probably the last battlefield of gender in the western world. InRead MoreBusiness Objectives Of A Robust Health Bar Essay2440 Words   |  10 Pagesfor healthy living. Financial Manager: Mmasechaba Mogale. The financial team will be led by Mmasechaba Mogale who holds a degree in Bachelor of Accounting Sciences and has done an internship at KPMG for two years. Head Chef: Sandile Bhengu The smoothies will be made by Chef Sandile who worked as a bartender at 54 on bath hotel for three years. Human Resource Manager: Ndumiso Luvuyo Ndumiso Luvuyo graduated from the University of Johannesburg with a diploma in human resource management. He hasRead MoreCipd Int Diploma Reward Management 5rwm3408 Words   |  14 Pagesfactors outside the organisation. 1. The main External Factors are: a. Political: the job market in the UK is split between Public sector ie Government and Private sector. Government policies have control of reward strategy within the Public sector, which influences pay increases and pension. Traditionally Public sector employees were paid slightly less, but benefitted from final salary pensions and higher job security. The government over the last few years has discouraged pay increases in the public

Manifest Destiny Ideal Or Justification Essay - 883 Words

Manifest destiny: Ideal or Justification The Louisiana Purchase doubled the size of U.S in 1803. But it is not enough for ambitious Americans, we are not satisfied, we wanted more territory. So western expansion did not end, it actually keep moved. Westward Expansion is a very significant part in U.S history. It operated perfectly based on the ideology called manifest destiny. However, the creation of this theory is on purpose. It was used to push U.S territory to further west. When the idea of manifest destiny was came up? The idea of Manifest Destiny was foreshadowed by some of the writings during the revolutionary times, with the desire for Canada in the period between the American War for Independence and the War of 1812. It rationalized the Louisiana Purchase and United States support for Texas independence and annexation. We could tried to find what period this idea came up, but to be exactly, who, when and where, it would be difficult as looking for a needle in a haystack. What I know is this ideology is modified and became an excuse to expand west, invaded Indians, declared war with Mexico. What is the manifest destiny? Everyone or every group have their own definitions. According to many historians, there are three basic themes to manifest destiny: The special virtues of the American people and their institutions; America s mission to redeem and remake the west in the image of agrarian America; and an irresistible destiny to accomplish this essential duty. ToShow MoreRelatedJohn O Sullivan s Manifest Destiny938 Words   |  4 Pagesname to this belief in 1839: Manifest destiny. Manifest Destiny resulted through misguided beliefs of predestination and white superiority, in which white men, despite opposition, forced their way to the west coast of America. Motives of religion, economic, race, and nationalism contributed to the justification of their ambitious goals and the repercussions. As Catherine Denial states in her article, â€Å"Manifest Destiny: Creating an American Identity,† Manifest Destiny was â€Å"the idea that AmericansRead MoreManifest Destiny, By John O Sullivan1292 Words   |  6 Pagesregion. The term â€Å"Manifest Destiny† was first introduced by a magazine editor, John O’Sullivan, written in the United States Magazine and Democratic Review in 1845 to express the idea that the United States had a unique role in expanding the nation (OpenStax College 316,483). Manifest Destiny is widely defined as a justification of continental expansion as a calling to the American citizens to unify the land into the Union. I view Manifest Destiny as white males expressing their ideals of white supremacyRead MoreAmerica s Hunger For Land And Power1166 Words   |  5 Pagesfrom its original foreign policies and expand worldwide, such as large parts of South America and the Caribbean. American imperialism of the late 1800s and early 1900s demonstrated the same cultural and social justification of previous expansionism. The original doctrine of Manifest Destiny, which emerged in the 1840s to accompany westward continental expansion, advocated a belief that America was destined by God to expand its borders across the continent. For the most part, the United States’ needRead MoreThe term â€Å"Manifest Destiny† was, in part, an expression of a genuine ideal on the part of500 Words   |  2 PagesThe term â€Å"Manifest Destiny† was, in part, an expression of a genuine ideal on the part of Americans. Yet it was also a justification to a push and to assume territory. The idea of Manifest Destiny was sparked by revolutionary American writings that encouraged appropriation of Canada. These writings rationalized that the Louisiana Purchase and the Untied States’ annexation of Texas ordained American complete domination of the North American c ontinent. More broadly stated, Manifest destiny was a convictionRead MoreThe Evolution of American Exceptionalism Essay726 Words   |  3 PagesAmerican nationalism and messianic mission in the idea of Manifest Destiny to justify the annexation of Texas. He spoke of America as a nation in defense of humanity, of the oppressed, of all nations, of the rights of conscience. Universal freedom and equality became justification for disenfranchising former Mexican citizens and displacing Native American tribes. Manifest Destiny was used throughout the second half of the 19th century as justification for expansion to California, and the acquisition ofRead MoreThe Enlightenment : The Impact Of The Enlightenment In America744 Words   |  3 Pageshad their own beliefs and religious practices. Along with the concept of Manifest Destiny, which was the idea of expanding North America from coast to coast also justified international expansion. Manifest Destiny was created with the belief in white racial superiority and a sense of American cultural advantage, and this also shaped their politics. The superior moral values and ethics were associated with American ideals. As a United States Citizen, it was your duty to expand the American way ofRead MoreThe Tale of the American Dream in Cannery Row by John Steinbeck1525 Words   |  7 Pageswas once a time when America’s ideals and motives were pure, but this era was short-lived. America reached its pinnacle of idealism during the Revolutionary War. The dream to escape British rule and continue their lives on soil enriched by liberty was what carried the colonists to victory against injustice and tyranny. However once the war was over and the dust settled, reality set in. The colonists realized that no matter how passionate they were about their ideals, they could not use these principlesRead MoreExplain The Background, And Repercussions Of Manifest Destiny1956 Words   |  8 PagesExplain the background, and re percussions of, Manifest Destiny. In 1845, John O’Sullivan wrote an Article in the ‘United States Magazine and Democratic Review’ in favor of the annexation of Texas. In this article the term ‘Manifest Destiny’ was created. O’Sullivan wrote â€Å"the fulfilment of our Manifest Destiny to overspread the continent allotted by Providence for the free development of our yearly multiplying millions.† Thus supplying the American people with the idea that it was their God-givenRead MoreThe Treaty Of Paris Of 18981119 Words   |  5 Pages(State Gov). The American colonial project brought forward a controversial debate on whether America can remain true to its founding ideals and still have an empire. This debate still continues today in regards to the invasion of Iraq and Afghanistan. This essay argues that the United State’s imperial conquest for these pacific islands fails to honor its founding ideals; instead, it brought tragedy to both indigenous peoples and the A merican army and mocks everything the nation stands for. Upon hisRead MoreFrederick Jackson Turner S Frontier Thesis1157 Words   |  5 Pagesinterest. videlicet, with frequent territorial changes, the American population has developed an adaptation capacity. This ability began to be used to make the adversities of the new territory on a benefit of who lived there. The doctrine of Manifest Destiny is a philosophy that expresses the belief that the American people elected by God to rule the world, and the US geopolitical expansionism just an expression of divine will. Amid this idea of ​​US global dominance was also the idea of ​​the US

Three Day Road And Criminal Justice - 1743 Words

Three Day Road and Criminal Justice The novel â€Å"Three Day Road† intertwines the story of a young soldier during the First World War and the experiences of his aunt growing up in pre-20th century Canada. Though at face-value this seems to have little relation to the study of the Criminal Justice system, the two narratives tackle important issues. With the soldier’s experiences, the reader contemplates the place of law and justice on the battlefields and the effect of these actions once the war is over. As we learn about the life of the soldier’s aunt, we are made aware of the wrongs done to Native American people in Canada’s history and how this is still having repercussions. By reading â€Å"Three Day Road,† people involved in the justice†¦show more content†¦Xavier’s experiences in World War One also remind us of how circumstances can smudge the line between morally correct and incorrect. Though most people in Canada have been taught the inalienable right to life and respect for the lives of others, soldiers who once killed for necessity alone can become caught up in the glory of the battlefield. In â€Å"Three Day Road,† Xavier’s childhood friend, Elijah, becomes known for his skill as a sniper and begins to see killing as a game. He even goes to the extent of collecting trophies in the form of scalps. Xavier describes this as â€Å"war madness† (Boyden, 2005, p.269). Through that ability to kill without thought, people like Elijah have been able to establish a place for themselves in the military, earning medals and honours, but they suffer greatly when the war ends and they return home. According to Lawrence (2003), after World War One Britain experienced a period of turmoil in which former soldiers played a large role. The country was gripped by violence as people with revolutionary intent motivated the working class to overthrow the upper-class once and for all, and ex-servicemen caused disorder among civilians (Law rence, 2003). Many citizens feared that peace would never return because the men of the country had been so brutalized by the war, and that they would never be able to settle into life as it used to be (Lawrence, 2003). Though the state of affairs in Britain quieted down, the aftermath of war is alwaysShow MoreRelatedReflection On Crime And Crime1268 Words   |  6 Pagesseparation between the two groups. With certain races, crimes are more likely to be blamed on them, which creates labeling to occur and making the punishment more problematic for the future. These youths are carrying around a criminal record at such a young age, and are being led down a road of more crime. I want to highlight how there are similarities between the police and the school-to-prison pipeline using material that we have learned throughout the semester. Focusing on race, the police tend to focusRead MoreMy Role Play Which I Played A Role Of Jackie Jones1352 Words   |  6 Pagesother acts such as Police reform act; criminal justice act; theft act; ASBO, crime and disorder act and road traffic act. On the trial that we did role play the classroom was organised into a Crown Court. There was one judge, witnesses, one clerk, some of students were jury, there was one usher and two lawyers, one lawyer was a defendant lawyer while the other lawyer was the prosecution lawyer, and there were media and also there was a defendant who was the criminal and that was my role (Jackie Jones)Read MoreCritical Justice Process Video Series999 Words   |  4 Pages 1) From Module one; the Critical Justice Process video series describe what you learned and illustrate at least 3 topic points from any one of the series. The information I collected from watching the video series would be that during the criminal justice process every little detail counts for something. If one misses anything that case at hand could disappear in a heartbeat. Starting with the arrest of a suspect, which to make that arrest a police officer has to have probable cause. Next afterRead MoreAn Increasing Crime Statistic In The United States Is A1120 Words   |  5 Pagesand Philadelphia. Today’s youth gangs are composed by young Latinos of African Americans, but their problems are the same poorly educated, poorly trained without resources, they band together for protection and security often turn to. (World of criminal justice, gale) Once 300,000 thousand manufacturing jobs were lost in California in the late 1980’s, the city of Los Angeles experienced a great incidence in gang-related acts by young people. An increased phenomime of the late twentieth centuryRead MoreThe Life and Work of Carl Warren1400 Words   |  6 PagesCarl Warren was appointed the 14th Chief Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court in 1953. Warren was appointed to take the place of the current Chief Justice Fred Vinson who died suddenly of a heart attack. So, Warren immediately began his term in the Supreme Court and did not get Senate approval with March 1, 1954 on a simple voice vote of the full Senate without any of the typical confirmation hearings by the Senate Judiciary Committee, This approval process was very noncontroversial and withoutRead MoreEnglish Legal System Course Work Id 14146861467 Words   |  6 Pagesthe civil and criminal justices system operates in England and wales. Also how magistrates and judges decides cases and why they arrived at certain decision. I arrived earlier in court pass the security checks and went in the court office and explain my purposed of visit. I attended court number eleven which was very busy with cases that day. Court commence at exactly ten in the morning, the presiding magistrate Mr Knowles and two other magistrates, they are also known as justices of the peace, sectionRead MoreThe Policing Function At The Local, State, And Federal Organizational Levels Essay1486 Words   |  6 PagesIn this paper I would be identifying, compare, and contrast the policing function at the l ocal, state, and federal organizational levels. I would be Analyzing how the organizational, management, administration, and operational functions at these three organizational levels are similar or different and why. Also I would be identifying the leadership characteristics and responsibilities pertaining to each organizational level. Numerous police agency’s and police officials work on a distinctive localRead MoreIt s No Lie That Being A Lawyer898 Words   |  4 Pagesrewarding job, I can’t imagine a better job than being able to fight for true justice every day and knowing that you are serving your community. Not to mention it can be quite invigorating. It all begins however with the education. This then leads you to the type of work in law that one desires and eventually, with the right amount of effort, a high position within the field. Becoming a lawyer is a long road of education. This road is however necessary in order to ensure that the lawyers in the courts areRead MoreThe Drug Of Drug Addiction Essay1270 Words   |  6 Pagesunwise choices with regard to substance abuse that quickly turned into a full blown addiction lasting over five years and landed him in and out of four different rehabs.   He was striving to get clean, but every time he took one step forward he fell three steps back.   Taylor entered Drug Court, after finding himself in a lot of trouble with the law, due to drug related incidents.   Drug Court is a state run program offered to non-violent felony offenders suffering from the disease of addiction.   Ã‚  IfRead MoreGlobalization, Privatization, and Militarization: Impacts on Criminal Justice1717 Words   |  7 PagesGlobalization, Privatization, and Militarization: Impacts on Criminal Justice INTRODUCTION Over the years, the criminal justice system has seen many changes. These changes have taken place due to the economy, social changes, environmental changes, and even cultural changes. Three items in particular that have affected the criminal justice system world-wide are globalization, privatization, and militarization. This paper will discuss the history of globalization, privatization, militarization

Influence of Online Gaming System Among Filipino Youth free essay sample

Online gaming Main article: Online game Online gaming has drastically increased the scope and size of gaming culture, although this has much to do with the usage of the Internet itself as a communication medium. Online gaming grew out of games on bulletin board systems and on college mainframes from the 1970s and 1980s. MUDs offered multiplayer competition and cooperation but on a scope more geographically limited than on the internet. The internet allowed gamers from all over the world not just within one country or state to play games together with ease. One of the most groundbreaking titles in the history of online gaming is Quake, which offered the ability to play with sixteen, and eventually up to thirty-two players simultaneously in a 3D world. Gamers quickly began to establish their own organized groups, called clans. Clans established their own identities, their own marketing, their own form of internal organization, and even their own looks. We will write a custom essay sample on Influence of Online Gaming System Among Filipino Youth or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page essay writing service guardian Some clans had friendly or hostile rivalries, and there were often clans who were allied with other clans. Clan interaction took place on both professionally set competition events, and during normal casual playing where several members of one clan would play on a public server. Clans would often do their recruiting this way; by noticing the best players on a particular server, they would send invitations for that player to either try out or accept membership in the clan. Clan- or guild-based play has since become an accepted (and expected) aspect of multiplayer gaming, with several games offering cash-prize tournament-style competition to their players. Many clans and guilds also have active fan-bases, which, when combined with the tournament aspect, contribute in turning clan-based gaming into a semi-professional sport. Clans also allow players to assist each other in simulated combat and quests in game advancement, as well as providing an online family for friendly socialising. 3] From Quake, gaming grew beyond first-person shooters and has impacted every genre. Real-time strategy, racing games, card games, sports games can all be played online. Online gaming has spread from its initial computer roots to console gaming as well. Today, every major video game console available offers degrees of online gaming, some limited by particular titles, some even offer up entire virtual communities.

Physical Essay Example For Students

Physical Essay TherapyWhat is there to debate? Several sources repeatedly convey similarinformation on the care that a physical therapist provides. The Handbook ofPhysical Therapy, written by Robert Shestack, Current Physical Therapy, a bookby Malcolm Peat, and A Future in Physical Therapy, an internetpublication by The American Physical Therapy Association, have notably parallelinformation within them. However, small variations can be found in theirwritings. Physical therapy is defined as the treatment of patientsdisabilities from disease and injury to the loss of a body part with therapeuticexercise, heat, cold, water, light, electricity, ultrasound, or massage (Shestack3). Through extensive direct contact with patients and other health carepersonnel, physical therapists have the opportunity to positively make adifference in a persons life (The American Physical Therapy Association 1-2). HumanWhat is truly special about the people in the Netherlands is that local traditions are still in effect and this country has many new industrial and innovative technologies, but has still kept its older more well known traditions. When researching this country I thought all that would be present is Amsterdam and fat blonde ladies wearing wooden shoes, but yet those werent the only things I found. The Netherlands Kingdom was formed in 1815 (which was what now is the Netherlands with parts of Belgium). It remained neutral in WWI but suffered massive invasions by the Germans in WWII. The Netherlands was a founding member of the EMU and NATO. The Netherlands is currently run mostly by a monarch/democracy. IssuesThe Netherlands government allows most drug use, but is starting to crack down on illegal activities. Over population is another issue that is plaguing Netherlands. Prostitution is a big problem along with drug production. The Netherlands has too much of a liberal democracy/monarchy. GDP 434 billionUnemployment 3%Languages Spoken DutchLand Area 41,526 sq kmPopulation 16,067,754Birth Rate 11.58births/1000 populationDeath Rate 8.67deaths/1000 populationLiteracy Rate 99%Climate Marine West CoastPopulation DensityPopulation Growth Rate .53%Ethnic % Dutch 83%other 17%Electricity Produced 87.953billion kWhSources fossil fuel 90%other 5%nuclear 4%QuestionsMy countrys population density is normal for most European countries. My country is not multilingual as its only language is Dutch and is spoken by 96% of the people. My country gets most of its energy from non-renewable sources. My countrys population is growing slowly. My country has an educated population because almost all hold higher level jobs. My countrys main economic dependency is drugs, but is also a large exporter of agriculture. It is Marine West Coast.

Steel Pan History free essay sample

From the palm tree laden beaches of the Caribbean a comes an iconic instrument whose distinctive tune has for decades been characteristic of the British West Indies, the afro-Caribbean culture and the island way of life. Though its unique melody can be found throughout the islands, many westerners may be surprised to know that this instrument does not come from the popular islands of the Bahamas, Jamaica nor Barbados but from the small island of Trinidad Tobago. Though this instrument is relatively new on the global music scene, appearing as recent as the 1940’s it is no doubt that in its short life it has made a notable impact in Trinidad, the Caribbean and the world. Unlike many instruments the term â€Å"steel pan† has multiple meanings and may refer to a single instrument, orchestral arrangement or family of instruments. The steel pan’s culture and tradition is like that of any other instrument in that the world’s perspective of it is based on a combination of its history, artists, repertoire, and performance context. We will write a custom essay sample on Steel Pan History or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Trinidad Tobago are a pair of twin islands in the southern Caribbean Sea. Though they are geographically considered part of the Americas, due to their proximity to South America and Venezuela in particular, of which they are 6. 8 miles away (at their closest point), Trinidad has shared and absorbed much of its culture from its indigenous inhabitants, colonial history, and the people who came to work on the plantations. Trinidad was discovered in 1492 by the Spanish explorer Columbus, on his first voyage to the Americas. Like many of its neighbours, though it originated as a Spanish colony through wars, acquisitions, treaties and varied emigration it has changed hands many times resulting in immense cultural diversity. This long line of colonial masters began with Spain, who in 1532 appointed its first governor to oversee its new acquisition. Very soon after its role as a labour colony was solidified, its primary source of labour, the indigenous population quickly eradicated through hard labour, disease and displacement. In order to resolve this labour deficit and increase population the Spanish government invited the French to settle in Trinidad and they came with their slaves, property and traditions of their own. They saw the opportunity to migrate to Trinidad as a blessing. †(â€Å"Emancipation Day†, 7), as planters in Martinique, Guadeloupe and other French territories feared that the revolt in Haiti could happen in the other French islands, and so they became afraid. â€Å"In February 1797, during the wars of the French Revolution, Trinidad capitulated to a British force, and in 1802, following the Treaty of Amiens; it was formally ceded to Great Britain. (â€Å"Colonial rule, 1). It was Britian’s rule that lead to: the freedom of the slaves in 1853. Trinidad becoming a liberated part of the Commonwealth in 1962 and a sovereign Republic in 1976. Though the British shaped the political, economic and social aspect of Trinidad, it was the French influence that brought Trinida d one of its most iconic pseudo-religious celebrations, Mardi-Gras or Carnival. This celebration would play a major role in the cultural development of the nation and the emergence of the steel pan. When the freed slaves (slavery was abolished in the West Indies in 1834) joined in the festivities, they could not afford the conventional instruments, so they used African drums, the instruments of their ancestors, then created percussion bands made up of bamboo joints cut from the bamboo plant. † (Pan a short history,1) Due to the fact that many of the plantation owner were absentee, it was these (former) slaves from the â€Å"Yoruba, Hausa, Congo, Ibo, Rada, Mandingo, Kromanti (Koromantyn) and Temne† (â€Å"Emancipation Day†, 7) traditions that became the founders of this nation and the innovators of this new instrument. To an ethnomusicologist the origins of the steel pan, as a percussion instrument will come as no surprise as bells rattles and drums have been used in African societies for communication, entertainment and worship from as early as â€Å"6000 B. C In Trinidad and Tobago African drums were used in churches, orchestras, dances and festivals. There are different types of drums such as the bougarabou, djembe, dun dun and talking drum. † (â€Å"Emancipation Day†, 8) In 1884 the beating of skin drums was prohibited in Trinidad as it was used as a method of accurate communication amongst slaves. This, simply forced the slaves to become more creative in there methods of communication, eventually leading to the beating of hollow bamboo stick and the tamboo-bamboo. The tamboo-bamboo are large hollow pieces of bamboo of varying sizes that are used to create tunes of varying sounds. After the emancipation of the slaves, the tamboo-bamboo progressed from a necessary method of communication to an alternative form of entertainment with accompanying, songs, dancing and celebrations. It was this step to multi-tonal percussion that was one of the largest progressions towards the steel pan as it is known today. Tamboo-bamboo bands were often accompanied by â€Å"non-traditional instruments like as scrap metal, metal containers, graters and dustbins† (Pan a short history,1). By the 1930’s these became the dominant component of Tamboo-bamboo bands. As metal became more readily available it gradually replaced bamboo. Metal playing musicians in these bands realised that raised sections of the instrument tended to make different sounds than flat sections of the instrument. During the World War II years there was a growing demand for oil and due to Trinidad’s large oil reserves, excess and discarded oil and chemical drums were plentiful. Through experimentation, luck and persistence by the unemployed and underprivileged youth came â€Å"the birth of steel pan, the only musical invention of the twentieth century. †( Pan a short history,1). It was discovered that by striking sections of the pan that had been warped by heat and mallet that one could achieve a variety of tones. According to tradition, a young man from Laventille, one of the most poverty stricken areas was the first to do this. Pan however; as an item was not invented by any person. It evolved and there are a number of people, including myself, who advanced it through certain stages of that evolution. (Elliott, 200) Some of these artists include ‘â€Å"Winston ‘Spree’ Simon is credited with creating the first ‘melody pan’†¦ Ellie Mannette is credited with being the first to wrap the playing sticks with rubber which softened the attack and produced a more refined tone (now called the hammer) Anthony Williams is credited with inventing the ‘spider web pan’ which was designed in a cycle of fourths and fifths. )† ( Pan a short history,2)â€Å"Today they are made using empty oil drums that are cut to varying depths depending on their role in the orchestra (bass, cello, guitar, ping-pong). The surface is then sunk about two inches and delicately seamed with a punch and hammer. A struck section will resound relative to its size and depth. The drum face is then exposed briefly to fire and doused with water or oil, which has the effect of retempering the steel and further insulating the notes. † (Sewell,1) In modern times, steel pan does not refer to a single instrument but rather a family of instruments that when played together in harmonies are referred to as â€Å"steel band†. Steel pan musicians are called pannists. The voices that compose the steel band are high tenor which ranges from D4 to F#6, low tenor which ranges from C4 to E6, double second pan uses two pans and ranges from F3 to B5, quadraphonic pan uses 4 pans and has an extensive pitch range, from B2 one octave below middle C to Bb5, guitar pan which ranges from one octave below middle C, to F#5 one octave above middle C, cello pan which uses a combination of 3 pans. One pan therefore contains the notes C, Eb, Gb and A; another pan contains C#, E, G and Bb; the third pan contains B, D, F and Ab, and the four pan bass which range is from G2, two octaves and a 4th below middle C, to D4 above middle C. The engine room as it has come to be known is a miscellaneous compilation of various non-traditional percussion instruments. Though its roots are as a method of communication for the slaves, the art of musical percussion in Trinidad has gradually become one of the most central and important aspect of the entertainment and cultural scene on the island. Panorama and Carnival are the greatest examples of the context of steel pan performance in the West Indies. â€Å"In 1963, the government of Trinidad and Tobago in conjunction with the National Association of Trinidad and Tobago Steel bandsmen (NATTS) launched a new steel band competition called Panorama. ’ (Steel band competition,1) Panorama is an annual steel band competition which consists of hundreds of bands and thousands of musicians. Though the compositions of the bands may change with regards to the musicians that participate the style, form and presentations of the band does not. People will often follow a particular band from year to year and round to round similar to the way people may support a team during the world cup. The competition consists of three rounds preliminary, semi-final and finals. Some world famous steel bands are the desperadoes, North Stars and the Harmonites. Each band plays a total of a 6 minuet recital, this performance is judged on arrangement, tone, rhythm and overall performance, four aspect controlled primarily by the arranger. Steel pan arrangers are among the most revered and beloved within the island musical community. Music is seldom written specifically for the steel drum. Though the steel drum can technically play any form of music, it’s repertoire comes primarily from the music in the popular culture. The most common form of music found in pan yards today is a popular form of music in Trinidad today called soca, some examples of soca played by the steel band include David Rudder’s The hammer, Marshall Montano’s Vibes cyah done and many more. Depending on the arranger the same song has the capacity to sound totally unique. The steel pan, being primarily a folk instrument does not share the bourgeois class statement that tradition musical instruments have. As a result transmission musical knowledge occurs in a much less formal setting than conventional western music. Some may seek lessons and theory books, but knowledge of the steel pan is most commonly acquired through friends, relatives or miscellaneous others. In conclusion the steel pan and steel pan culture have revolutionaries the way the world views the Caribbean. â€Å"indeed, over the past four decades, the steelpan has come a long way, moving from the panyards of the most depressed areas of a society to some of the most prestigious concert halls around the world. The Desperadoes, for instance, have performed at the Royal Albert Hall in London, Carnegie Hall, the Apollo and Lincoln Theaters in New York, the United Nations building, and the Kennedy Center in Washington, D. C. Other bands like Renegades, All Stars, Phase Two, Exodus have wooed audiences from London to Paris to Japan, mesmerizing them with their renditions of some of the most complex works of the classic composers such as Bach, Beethoven, Mozart, Sibelius, Rossini, Borodin. †( Pan a short history,1) It has given the West Indies a sound of it own, drawing thousands annually to its sweet sound and characteristic tone. Though it is just as much a part of the history of Trinidad and Tobago as the island itself the fact is that it is slowly disappearing. The steel pan has become a symbol of the islands’ peaceful past, as the average age of the musicians grow and the participation rate among youth gradually shrinks so two does it’s relevance in the modern world. The decline in the popularity of the steel pan has been related to rising gang violence, immoral behaviour and crime.

Abortion Essay Samples - How to Find the Best Ones

Abortion Essay Samples - How to Find the Best OnesAbortion essay samples are many, but not all are good. Many of them are very vague and even if they are for a 'real' situation they could even be misleading. It is very important to make sure that you choose an essay sample that is based on a real life situation.Here are some tips to help you determine the quality of an abortion essay sample:Choose a published source for your abortion essay. If you find something that is published by a well known author or a medical journal, there is a much better chance that it is a valid essay sample. Any sample will be biased in one way or another, but as long as it has been published in a credible publication it should be fine. A publically published article from the New England Journal of Medicine is by far the best known and most reliable source of information.Another great place to find a good source of material is on the internet. Google will show you all the resources, and many of them are fr om real medical journals.In terms of when the abortion essay can be used, this is where most people get confused. The legal advice you get should come from a doctor or other qualified professional. Your doctor can give you the legal advice about when you can have an abortion under certain circumstances.It is very important to take care with any advice you receive and follow it carefully. You should ask yourself some important questions about what the doctor told you. Does it seem possible?Writing an abortion essay has many different steps. If you have never written anything like this before, you may want to have someone help you write your essay. The essay you write should be as close to 'pure truth' as possible. This means that the essay should not be opinionated but should reflect some sort of facts that you know.While abortion articles are quite common, they are not all good articles. You should be careful to choose a good source of material before you begin writing and always fo llow the advice you receive.